Chinese Drugs of Plant Origin

Traditional Chinese medicine has been used for thousands of years by a large population.
It is currently still serving many of the health needs of the Chinese people, and still enjoying their confidence it is practised in China in parallel with modern Western medical treatment.
In addition to scientific organisations dedicated to modern Western medicine, e. g. the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and various medical schools, a series of parallel institutions have been established in China to promote traditional Chinese medicine, such as the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and training institutions.
Almost all hospitals in China have a department of traditional medicine.
Furthermore, a large number of scientific journals are dedicated to traditional Chinese medicine, covering both experimental and clinical investigations. Medicinal materials constitute a key topic in the treatment of disease according to traditional Chinese medicine.
The Chinese Pharmacopoeia (1985 edition) is therefore divided into two separate volumes,
Volume I containing traditional Chinese medicinal materials and preparations and
Volume II containing pharmaceu tics of Western medicine.
The oldest Chinese review of medicinal materials, Shennong Bencao Jing (100-200 A. D.), covered 365 herbal drugs.
The classic compilation in this field, Bencao Gangmu (Compendium of Materia Medica), was published in 1578 by Li Shi-zhen and recorded as many as 1898 crude drugs of plant, animal and min eral origin.
This work summarizes the chemical constituents and biological activities of the most important Chinese medicinal materials.
It also draws upon Japanese medicinal material. Medicines made from plants are a key element in traditional Chinese medicine which has been practised for thousands of years. Knowledge of these structures and pharmacological characteristics are important for the development of new drugs.
Toxicological aspects, especially those relating to mutagenic and carcinogenic activities, are also given consideration.

content:
1 Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Harms.

• 2 Achyranthes bidentata Bl.
• 3 Aconitum spp.
• 4 Acorus gramineus Soland.
• 5 Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb.
• 6 Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle.
• 7 Akebia quinata (Thunb.) Decne.
• 8 Alangium chinense (Lour.) Harms.
• 9 Albizia julibrissin Durazz.
• 10 Alisma orientalis (Sam.) Juzep.
• 11 Allium sativum L.
• 12 Alpinia spp.
• 13 Amomum spp.
• 14 Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees.
• 15 Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge.
• 16 Anemone raddeana Regel.
• 17 Angelica spp.
• 18 Anisodus tanguticus (Max.) Pasch.
• 19 Ardisia japonica (Thunb.) Bl.
• 20 Areca catechu L.
• 21 Aristolochia spp.
• 22 Artemisia annua L.
• 23 Artemisia argyi Levl. et Vant.
• 24 Artemisia capillaris Thunb. and A. scoparia Waldst. et Kit.
• 25 Asarum spp.
• 26 Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge.
• 27 Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.
• 28 Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb. f.
• 29 Brucea javanica (L.) Merr.
• 30 Bupleurum spp.
• 31 Caesalpinia sappan L.
• 32 Calvatia lilacina (Mont. et Berk.) Lloyd.
• 33 Camptotheca acuminata Decne.
• 34 Carpesium abrotanoides L.
• 35 Carthamus tinctorius L.
• 36 Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.
• 37 Centipeda minima (L.) A. Braun et Aschers.
• 38 Cephalotaxus spp.
• 39 Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) Burtt et Hill.
• 40 Chrysanthemum indicum L. and C. morifolium Ramat.
• 41 Cimicifuga dahurica (Turcz.) Maxim.
• 42 Cinnamomum cassia Presl.
• 43 Cissampelos pareira L. var. hirsuta (Buch. ex DC.) Formen.
• 44 Citrus spp..- 45 Clematis spp.
• 46 Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf.
• 47 Coptis spp.
• 48 Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc.
• 49 Corydalis turtschaninovii Bess. f. yanhusuo Y.H. Chou et C.C. Hsü.
• 50 Crocus sativus L..- 51 Cucurbita moschata Duch.
• 52 Curcuma spp.
• 53 Cynanchum glaucescens (Decne.) Hand.-Mazz.
• 54 Daphne genkwa Sieb. et Zucc.
• 55 Datura metal L.
• 56 Daucus carota L.
• 57 Dendrobium nobile Lindl.
• 58 Dichroa febrifuga Lour.
• 59 Dioscorea spp..- 60 Ecklonia kurome Okam.
• 61 Eleutherine americana Merr. et Heyne.
• 62 Ephedra spp.
• 63 Epimedium spp.
• 64 Erycibe obtusifolia Benth.
• 65 Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.
• 66 Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth.
• 67 Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl.
• 68 Fraxinus spp.
• 69 Fritillaria spp.
• 70 Gardenia jasminoides Ellis.
• 71 Gastrodia elata Bl.
• 72 Gentiana spp.
• 73 Ginkgo biloba L.
• 74 Glycyrrhiza spp.
• 75 Houttuynia cordata Thunb.
• 76 Ilex pubescens Hook et Arn.
• 77 Inula spp.
• 78 Leonurus heterophyllus Sweet.
• 79 Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.
• 80 Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc.
• 81 Lonicera japonica Thunb..- 82 Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem..- 83 Lycium barbarum L. and L. chinensis Mill..- 84 Magnolia spp..- 85 Melia azedarach L. and M. toosendan Sieb. et Zucc..- 86 Menispermum dauricum DC..- 87 Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng. and M. grosvenori Swingle.- 88 Morus alba L..- 89 Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn..- 90 Paeonia spp..- 91 Panax ginseng C. A. Mey..- 92 Panax japonicus C. A. Mey..- 93 Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen.- 94 Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn.- 95 Phellodendron amurense Rupr..- 96 Physochlaina infundibularis Kuang.- 97 Phytolacca americana L. and P. acinosa Roxb..- 98 Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit..- 99 Polygala tenuifolia Willd..- 100 Polygonum spp..- 101 Pseudolarix kaempferi Gord..- 102 Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi.- 103 Qingdai.- 104 Quisqualis indica L..- 105 Rabdosia spp.
• 106 Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.
• 107 Rheum spp.
• 108 Rhododendron dauricum L.
• 109 Rubia cordifolia L.
• 110 Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.
• 111 Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.
• 112 Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.
• 113 Sophora flavescens Ait.
• 114 Sophora japonica L.
• 115 Stemona spp.
• 116 Stephania tetrandra S. Moore.
• 117 Swertia mileensis T. N. Ho et W. L. Shih.
• 118 Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.
• 119 Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.
• 120 Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Jacks.
• 121 Verbena officinalis L.
• 122 Vitex negundo L. var. cannabifolia (Sieb. et Zucc.) Hand.-Mazz.
• 123 Zingiber officina